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This chapter addresses problems that arise during product design for sustainability 5 and the life cycle. A description of the problem itself is provided from an industrial 6 engineering viewpoint. The first section describes the problem elements, including 7 the need to expand the set of conflicting objectives under consideration, the need to 8 consider the entire product life cycle, the need to employ new data acquisition tools, 9 and the need to investigate the complex role of consumer behavior before, during, 10 and after the point of purchase. Subsequent sections summarize work the authors 11 have done towards solving these problems. A general mathematical programming 12 framework is first presented. This chapter highlights several instances of the benefits 13 of bringing the logic and mathematical rigor of industrial engineering methods 14 to these problems. The authors’ previous contributions to sustainable design are 15 presented and include defining the concept of the product life cycle from a decision- 16 based design point of view, developing different types of decision-making tech- 17 niques for engineering design (both subjective and objective), normative decision 18 analytic methods (e.g., multiattribute utility, constrained optimization), methods 19 for environmentally conscious design to cover new environmental objectives (e.g., 20 connection of design with the end-of-use phase), and immersive computing tech- 21 nologies to address challenges with information-intensive design procedures. The 22 final section presents methods to consider heterogeneous consumer behavior during 23 product selection, use, and disposal.